Tree Trivia

The topic for Youth FIRST for October 5 at Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge  was to be Learn About Trees; however due to the lapse in funding, the Refuge is closed, and the program is cancelled.  Sooo...here's your opportunity to shine!  And no, this quiz was not intended for the children!

TRIVIA

1.  A branch from the _ _ _ _ _  tree is a symbol of peace.

2.  The Treaty _ _ _ in Austin was poisoned by vandals in 1989.

3.  Salicin, a precursor of aspirin was found in the bark of the

   _ _ _ _ _ _ tree.

4.   _ _ _ _s for wine account for two-thirds of the revenue from the harvest from Quercus suber. 

5. The endangered Golden-cheeked warbler uses the bark of mature 

 j _ n _ _ _ _ s  to build its nest.

6. The bristlecone _ _ _ _ is the oldest living tree. (One specimen is 4,600 years old!)

7. The naval vessel, U.S.S .Constitution, contains timbers from the 

 _ _ _ _   _ _ _ tree.

8.  A tree _ _ _ _ _ y refers to the space that is covered by the spread or “crown” of trees.

9.  Trees are beneficial to us in many ways. They improve our health by cleaning the air we _ _ _ _ _ _.

10.  The _ _ _ _ _ tree is the State Tree of Texas.

11.  The _ _ _ _ _ Woods is a temperate coniferous forest terrestrial ecoregion in the U. S. covering parts of  East Texas, southern Arkansas, western Louisiana, and southeastern Oklahoma.

12.  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is the process by which leaves produce food.

13.  Over the past 50 years, millions of stately trees shading the streets of the American landscape have been lost to Dutch _ _ _ disease 

14.  The Pacific _ _ _ tree, which grows in northern Idaho, produces a cancer-fighting agent called "taxol”.

15.  _ _ _ _ _  foot- a piece of wood measuring 1 foot x 1 foot x 1 inch. The term is commonly used to measure the amount of wood in trees, sawlogs or boards.

16.  A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tree is one  that loses all its leaves at some time during the year.  

17.  The seventh President of the U.S., Andrew Jackson, was nicknamed  Old  _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

18.  Dendrochronology is the study of growth _ _ _ _ _  in trees and aged woods; the science of dating events and variations in the environment in former periods by comparing growth _ _ _ _ _.

19.  The  tree of  _ _ _ _ _ _ _  is the best known tree at Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge.

20.  As of 2004, the United States has an official National Tree, the _ _ _.  No species is designated.  

A resource for more information is http://texastreeid.tamu.edu/.

Answers:

1.Olive   2.Oak   3.Willow   4.Cork   5.Junipers   6.Pine   7.Live oak   8. Canopy   9.Breathe   10.Pecan   11.Piney   12.Photosynthesis   13.Elm   14.Yew   15.Board   16.Deciduous   17.Hickory   18.Rings, rings   19.Lebanon   20. Oak

 

Native Plant - Late Boneset

An attractive flowering plant is growing in an unlikely spot at Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge.  It came up as a volunteer is a small untended bed outside the FOH Center, which was at one time filled with rock and also more recently, a variety of weeds.  The plant is about 2-1/2 feet tall and has been in bloom since around the first of September, after bearing tight white buds for several weeks.  The photo shown was sent to Texas Master Naturalist Jim Varnum, who replied, “It is Boneset (Late boneset, White boneset).  Scientific name is Eupatorium serotinum.  Right now it's one of the most prolific bloomers just about everywhere,  Look at the flowers with a magnifier... they are cool.  Related: blue mistflower or blue ageratum is a common fall nectar plant for migrating Monarch butterflies.” (Other names found include Late-flowering thoroughwort and Late-flowering boneset.)

On NPIN we found several relatives of this perennial shrub in the Aster family, Ageratina wrightii, White mistflower, Wright's snakeroot, White boneset, White ageratum; Ageratina havanensis, Havana snakeroot, Mistflower, Shrubby boneset, White mistflower, White shrub mistflower, and Eupatorium perfoliatum, Common Boneset.

The bloom season is September - November and the plant is attractive to not only butterflies, but also birds and bees.

 

Knock, Knock, Who's There? Part II

Continuing the Knock Knock, Who’s There series, today we look at the Red-headed Woodpecker.   Of the eight species of woodpeckers on the Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge Bird Check List, the Red-bellied and the Downy, covered in a previous post, are listed as likely to be seen, in suitable habitats, all year around at the Refuge.

The preferred habitat for the Red-headed Woodpecker is deciduous woods and areas of dead trees, with cavities for nesting.  They are found in the Northern and Eastern quadrants of Texas, across the lower Mid-west and the South, to the Atlantic coast, and their breeding grounds cover the upper Mid-west.    At the Refuge, they are often observed at Dead Woman Pond, where they were reported this week, as well as Big Mineral Picnic area.

Both the male and female work at excavating a nesting space; the clutch size is 3 – 10 eggs, and they may have a second brood.

A ”Cool Fact” from All About Birds about Red-headed Woodpeckers, who are about the same size as the Hairy Woodpecker, 7.5” – 9”,  is:

The Red-headed Woodpecker is one of only four North American woodpeckers known to store food, and it is the only one known to cover the stored food with wood or bark. It hides insects and seeds in cracks in wood, under bark, in fence posts, and under roof shingles. Grasshoppers are regularly stored alive, but wedged into crevices so tightly that they cannot escape.

Note that the diet of the Red-headed Woodpecker, unlike that of other woodpeckers, includes insects,  which they can catch in the air.  They will visit backyard feeders for seed, nuts, suet and fruit.

Photos for this post taken at Hagerman NWR by Dick Malnory

Second Saturday

This Saturday, September 14,  Rick Lynn, Grayson College geology instructor, will speak  at Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, on Texoma Geology.  Millions of years ago the Texoma area was covered by salt water; here's an opportunity  learn how and why things have changed since pre-historic times to create present day Texoma.  This will the be the first time a geology program has been offered at Second Saturday since December, 2007. The meeting will begin at 10 am in the Visitor Center; Second Saturday programs are free and open to the public.

Also on September 14, the FOH Nature Photography Club will meet, at 12:30 pm in the FOH Center at the Refuge.  The  program will be presented by John S. Mead, Blue Lion Photography.  John  will be sharing experiences and images from his recent photo safari in South Africa.  The club meets bimonthly and is open to anyone interested in nature photography.  Visitors are welcomed, free of charge, there are nominal dues for membership.

For those who like to plan ahead, instead of Second Saturday in October, come on out to the Refuge for SUPER Saturday on October 12.  

Hagerman NWR is located at 6465 Refuge Road, Sherman, Texas, 75092, on the Big Mineral Arm of Lake Texoma.  For more information see friendsofhagerman.com or call the Refuge, 903 786 2826.

History of a Banded Blue Goose

Banded Blue Goose, by Laurie Lawler (click image to view in full)

In the autumn of 2012, Laurie Lawler, who is a photographer and frequent visitor to Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge, spotted and photographed a banded Blue Goose at the Refuge.   Laurie says, “Jack Chiles advised me how to report the band. I was excited when I got this certificate [last week] by email (shown below). I thought it was so cool and was surprised to see the goose's age.”

Click image to view in full.

The certificate not only shows the age of the bird and date of the banding and the sighting, but the locations where the banding  was done and where the band was later found, leaving it up to the imagination to envision the years of semi-annual migration flights along the Central flyway between both locations.

According to the USGS Bird Banding Laboratory,   bird banding has a long history. “ The first record of a metal band attached to a bird's leg was about 1595 when one of Henry IV's banded Peregrine Falcons was lost in pursuit of a bustard in France. It showed up 24 hours later in Malta, about 1350 miles away, averaging 56 miles an hour!”  Through a banding in about 1669, a Grey Heron was found later to have lived at least 60 years.  Another Grey Heron was found to have traveled more than 1200 miles, from Turkey to Germany.

John James Audubon first reported banding and retrieval  in America in 1803.  In 1899 a bird banding system was developed in Denmark that is the model for modern banding programs.  In 1920 the Bureau of Biological Survey and the Canadian Wildlife Service took over previous efforts  in the U.S. and Canada and the North American banding program has been a joint effort to oversee the activities of dedicated banders all over the world ever since.

Laurie reported the band seen on the Blue Goose on this website:  https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/BBL/bblretrv/index.cfm

Anyone reporting will be asked to answer multiple choice questions regarding their role (individual, bander, wildlife official), type band, etc., as well as species, if known and other details.  Those reporting will receive a certificate of appreciation like Laurie’s.  Reporting bands adds to the ability of scientists to study bird migration, populations, longevity and more.

Knock, Knock - Who's There?

The Hagerman NWR Bird Check List includes 8 species of woodpeckers:  Red-headed, Red-bellied, Ladder-backed, Downy, Hairy and Pileated woodpeckers, Yellow bellied Sapsucker and Northern Flicker.  The Red-bellied and the Downy are listed as likely to be seen in suitable habitats all year around at the Refuge.   Let’s take a look today at the smallest of the bunch, the Downy Woodpecker.

Think checkerboard when you think of the Downy.  Here is a description from Cornell’s All About Birds: 

Downy Woodpeckers give a checkered black-and-white impression. The black upper parts are checked with white on the wings, the head is boldly striped, and the back has a broad white stripe down the center. Males have a small red patch on the back of the head. The outer tail feathers are typically white with a few black spots.

Downy Woodpecker at HNWR.

The site goes on to discuss differentiating Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers, whose appearances are very similar but the Hairy is much larger with  a much  larger bill.  Cornell gives tips for distinguishing the two visually at Project Feeder Watch. 

Downy Woodpecker at HNWR.

Look for the Downy in open woodlands and brushy edges.  The abundance of dead trees around Dead Woman Pond provides a good habitat for all the woodpeckers at Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge.  And, according to Cornell, the Downy is the most likely of the woodpeckers to visit  the backyard  feeder, where their  preferred diet is suet, followed by sunflower seeds, peanuts,  and other seeds.

Downy at backyard feeder.

Photos of Downy Woodpeckers by Dick Malnory

Smartweed - Dining for Ducks

Smartweed grows in freshwater marshes and low places, including those at Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge.  The seeds provide fine dining for waterfowl.   According to NPIN, Ladybird John WildflowerCenter, there are about 75 species of Smartweed  in the US.  Smartweed is  in the genus Polygonum and  is native in the U.S., including Alaska, and in Canada.

Smartweed at HNWR, by Dick Malnory

From  a website on Texas duck hunting, we learn that  

…various Smartweed species colloquially known as Smartweed, Knotweed, Ladysthumb, Bindweed, Tearthumb or Bistort, can be very difficult to identify by specie, as they appear very similar and will hybridize with one another.  The ones of most interest to duck hunters [and to ducks!] all have very pale pink (almost white) to deep pink clusters of flowers at the terminal end of multiple flower spikes. All have long, rather thin leaves. All have a ring formed around the stalk where the leaf stem joins the stalk, and the stalk bends at each of these many junctures. These bends somewhat look like knees, and give the plant its genus name.  Literally translated, Polygonum means; many knees.  

The flowers of the various species  may be greenish white, white or pink.  Some species are annual and some perennial.  One perennial species is described at  http://aquaplant.tamu.edu/plant-identification/alphabetical-index/smartweed/ and is commonly known as Water Pepper.  A common species, Pennsylvania Smartweed, is annual and is described at http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=POPE2.

According to  a commercial site for Pennsylvania Smartweed:  

The nectar of the flower attracts many different insect species including long and short-tongued bees, small butterflies and moths. In addition it is an excellent food for waterfowl including ducks, geese, doves, and other game and non-game species. Furthermore, the dense foliage provides excellent cover for immature waterfowl, marsh birds, and wintering pheasants.